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Search the scams behind most digital payment losses worldwide — how each one works, the warning signs, and the steps to take. No technical background needed.

Last reviewed 01 Aug 2026 · 21 case studies across 3 regions

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Marketplace Global Medium risk

Marketplace Buyer Reversal

A "buyer" sends you a payment request instead of paying, and you end up paying them.

Who scammers target
Private sellers on classifieds and social marketplaces
Typical reported loss
$100 – $2,000 per case
Why people fall for this
The screenshot of a payment looks like proof, and sellers feel rude asking a buyer to wait.

How it works

  1. 1You list an item on a classifieds site, Facebook Marketplace or a social app.
  2. 2A keen buyer says they've paid and shares a screenshot of a fake success message.
  3. 3They then send you a payment request or QR code to "confirm you received it".
  4. 4Approving it sends the sale amount from you to them.

Real-world example

Faiz sells a phone for the equivalent of $150. The buyer sends a QR code and says "scan this to receive payment". Faiz scans, approves, and the money leaves his account. The buyer disappears.

  • The buyer refuses to pay first and pushes a QR code or request at you.
  • A payment-success screenshot arrives before any money reaches your account.
  • The buyer insists on overpaying and asks for the difference back.

  • Never scan a QR code or approve a request in order to receive money.
  • Check your own bank statement or app balance, never the buyer's screenshot.
  • Meet in a public place and prefer cash or a confirmed credit before handing over goods.
  • Keep the conversation on the platform so there is a record.

What it looks like

Unknown contact
"Scan this QR to receive your payment"
Wait, why do I need to scan?
Illustration of a fake message — recreated for teaching, not a real notice.

Where to report, by country

Already lost money? Report it immediately — the first few hours give the best chance of freezing the funds.

Think you can spot these in the wild?

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